Advances in the chemical constituents, pharmacological activity, and clinical application of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma: A review and predictive analysis of quality markers (Q-markers).

Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (SGR) is recognized in traditional Chinese medicine for its distinctive therapeutic properties and abundant supply. Its phytochemical profile is diverse, encompassing flavonoids, steroids, saccharides, phenolic glycosides, volatile constituents, organic acids, phenylpropanoids, stilbenoids, among others. Recent pharmacological investigations reveal that SGR possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects with multifaceted clinical applications. This review collates the current knowledge on SGR's chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and its clinical utility. Utilizing network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches, this study provides a preliminary identification of potential quality markers (Q-Markers) within SGR. The findings suggest that compounds such as astilbin, isoengelitin, neoisoastilbin, neoastilbin, astragaloside, diosgenin, resveratrol, stigmasterol, ß-sitosterol, and quercetin in SGR are promising candidates for Q-Markers. While flavonoids are the most extensively studied, there is a pressing need to further explore the active monomeric compounds within SGR. The introduction of Q-Markers is instrumental in developing standardized quality metrics. Specifically, astilbin has been noted for its antitumor, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-hyperuricemic, and hepatoprotective potential, warranting further research for therapeutic applications.

Danggui Jixueteng decoction for the treatment of myelosuppression after chemotherapy: A combined metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the Danggui Jixueteng decoction (DJD) in treating Myelosuppression after chemotherapy (MAC) through network pharmacology and metabolomics. Methods: We obtained the chemical structures of DJD compounds from TCMSP and PubMed. SwissTargetPrediction, STITCH, CTD, GeneCards, and OMIM were utilized to acquire component targets and MAC-related targets. We identified the key compounds, core targets, main biological processes, and signaling pathways related to DJD by constructing and analyzing related networks. The main active compounds and key proteins of DJD in treating AA were confirmed by molecular docking. A MAC rat model was established through intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide to confirm DJD's effect on the bone marrow hematopoietic system. Untargeted metabolomics analyzed serum metabolite differences between MAC rats and the control group, and before and after DJD treatment, to explore DJD's mechanism in treating MAC. Results: Of the 93 active compounds identified under screening conditions, 275 compound targets and 3113 MAC-related targets were obtained, including 95 intersecting targets; AKT1, STAT3, CASP3, and JUN were key proteins in MAC treatment. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway may play a crucial role in MAC treatment with DJD. Molecular docking results showed good docking effects of key protein AKT1 with luteolin, ß-sitosterol, kaempferol, and glycyrrhizal chalcone A. In vivo experiments indicated that, compared to the model group, in the DJD group, levels of WBCs, RBCs, HGB, and PLTs in peripheral blood cells, thymus index increased, spleen index decreased, serum IL-3, GM-CSF levels increased, and IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF levels decreased (p < 0.01); the pathological morphology of femoral bone marrow improved. Eleven differential metabolites were identified as differential serum metabolites, mainly concentrated in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways, phenylalanine metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Conclusion: This study revealed that DJD's therapeutic effects are due to multiple ingredients, targets, and pathways. DJD may activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, promote hematopoietic-related cytokine production, regulate related metabolic pathways, and effectively alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression after chemotherapy in rats.

Fractionation and Lability of Phosphorus Species in Cottonseed Meal-Derived Biochars as Influenced by Pyrolysis Temperature.

Defatted cottonseed meal (CSM), the residue of cottonseeds after oil extraction, is a major byproduct of the cotton industry. Converting CSM to biochar and utilizing the goods in agricultural and environmental applications may be a value-added, sustainable approach to recycling this byproduct. In this study, raw CSM was transformed into biochar via complete batch slow pyrolysis at 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C. Thermochemical transformation of phosphorus (P) in CSM during pyrolysis was explored. Fractionation, lability, and potential bioavailability of total P (TP) in CSM-derived biochars were evaluated using sequential and batch chemical extraction techniques. The recovery of feed P in biochar was nearly 100% at ≤550 °C and was reduced to <88% at 600 °C. During pyrolysis, the organic P (OP) molecules predominant in CSM were transformed into inorganic P (IP) forms, first to polyphosphates and subsequently to orthophosphates as promoted by a higher pyrolysis temperature. Conversion to biochar greatly reduced the mobility, lability, and bioavailability of TP in CSM. The biochar TP consisted of 9.3-17.9% of readily labile (water-extractable) P, 10.3-24.1% of generally labile (sequentially NaHCO3-extractable) P, 0.5-2.8% of moderately labile (sequentially NaOH-extractable) P, 17.0-53.8% of low labile (sequentially HCl-extractable) P, and 17.8-47.5% of residual (unextractable) P. Mehlich-3 and 1 M HCl were effective batch extraction reagents for estimating the "readily to mid-term" available and the "overall" available P pools of CSM-derived biochars, respectively. The biochar generated at 450 °C exhibited the lowest proportions of readily labile P and residual P compounds, suggesting 450 °C as the optimal pyrolysis temperature to convert CSM to biochar with maximal P bioavailability and minimal runoff risk.

Competitive Chemical Reaction Kinetic Model of Nucleosome Assembly Using the Histone Variant H2A.Z and H2A In Vitro.

Nucleosomes not only serve as the basic building blocks for eukaryotic chromatin but also regulate many biological processes, such as DNA replication, repair, and recombination. To modulate gene expression in vivo, the histone variant H2A.Z can be dynamically incorporated into the nucleosome. However, the assembly dynamics of H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that our previous chemical kinetic model for nucleosome assembly can be extended to H2A.Z-containing nucleosome assembly processes. The efficiency of H2A.Z-containing nucleosome assembly, like that of canonical nucleosome assembly, was also positively correlated with the total histone octamer concentration, reaction rate constant, and reaction time. We expanded the kinetic model to represent the competitive dynamics of H2A and H2A.Z in nucleosome assembly, thus providing a novel method through which to assess the competitive ability of histones to assemble nucleosomes. Based on this model, we confirmed that histone H2A has a higher competitive ability to assemble nucleosomes in vitro than histone H2A.Z. Our competitive kinetic model and experimental results also confirmed that in vitro H2A.Z-containing nucleosome assembly is governed by chemical kinetic principles.

Understanding a wood-derived biochar's impact on stormwater quality, plant growth, and survivability in bioretention soil mixtures.

Bioretention systems are planted media filters used in stormwater infrastructure. Maintaining plant growth and survival is challenging because most designs require significant sand. Conventional bioretention soil media (BSM) might be augmented with biochar to make the BSM more favorable to plants, to improve nutrient removal efficiency, and enhance plant survivability during drought while replacing compost/mulch components that have been linked to excess nutrient export. Pots with BSMs representing high and moderate sand content were amended with wood biochar, planted with switchgrass, and subjected to weekly storms for 20 weeks, followed by a 10-week drought. After 20 weeks, 4% biochar amendment significantly increased stormwater infiltration (67%) and plant available water (52%) in the high sand content BSM (NC mix, which meets requirements for the state of North Carolina (US) and contains no compost/mulch), and these favorable hydraulic properties were not statistically different from a moderate sand content, biochar-free BSM with compost/mulch (DE mix, which meets requirements for state of Delaware (US)). While biochar amendment improved plant height (25%), the number of shoots (89%), and total biomass (70%) in the NC mix, these parameters were still less than those in the biochar-free DE mix containing compost/mulch. TN and NO3-1 removal were also improved (28-35%) by biochar amendment to NC mix, and the resulting TN and TP loadings to groundwater were 10 and 7 times less, respectively than biochar-free DE mix with compost/mulch. During the drought period, biochar amendment increased the time to switchgrass wilting by ∼8 days in the NC mix but remained 40% less than the biochar-free DE mix. A recalcitrant carbon-like biochar mitigates some of the deleterious effects of high sand content BSM on plants, and where nutrient pollution is a concern, replacement of compost/mulch with wood biochar in BSM may be desired.

Tough Adhesive, Antifreezing, and Antidrying Natural Globulin-Based Organohydrogels for Strain Sensors.

Hydrogels are often used to fabricate strain sensors; however, they also suffer from freezing at low temperatures and become dry during long-time storage. Encapsulation of hydrogels with elastomers is one of the methods to solve these problems although the adhesion between hydrogels and elastomers is usually low. In this work, using bovine serum protein (BSA) as the natural globulin model and glycerol/H2O as the mixture solvent, BSA/polyacrylamide organohydrogels (BSA/PAAm OHGs) were prepared by a facile photopolymerization approach. At the optimal condition, BSA/PAAm OHG demonstrated not only high toughness but also tough adhesion properties, which could strongly adhere to various substrates, such as glass, metals, rigid polymeric materials (even poly(tetrafluoroethylene), i.e., PTFE), and soft elastomers. Moreover, BSA/PAAm OHG was flexible and showed tough adhesion at -20 °C. The toughening mechanism and the adhesive mechanism were proposed. On being encapsulated by poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), it illustrated good antidrying performance. After introducing a conductive filler, the encapsulated BSA/PAAm OHG could be used as a strain sensor to detect human motions. This work provides a better understanding of the adhesive mechanism of natural protein-based organohydrogels.

Improvement of sulfur and water resistance with Fe-modified S-MnCoCe/Ti/Si catalyst for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3.

The low-temperature SCR of NOx by NH3 is restricted in application since the catalysts is easily poisoned by sulfur and water. The Fe modified Mn-Co-Ce/TiO2/SiO2 catalysts synthesized via impregnation method and sulfating were evaluated for low-temperature NH3-SCR in the presence of SO2 and H2O. The calcination temperature and loading amounts of Mn, Fe, Co and Ce were optimized. Adding of Fe into S-MnCoCe/Ti/Si played an important role in resistance to sulfur and water poisoning. The optimal calcination temperature was 380 °C and the optical mass loading of the catalyst was 10% of Mn, 10% of Fe, 1% of Co and 4% of Ce. The optimal S-MnFeCoCe/Ti/Si catalyst maintained high NOx conversion of 93% at reaction temperature of 160 °C in the presence of 50 ppm SO2 and 10 vol% H2O. The catalytic activity did not continue to fall after two times of repeated used in the temperature range of 100-200 °C, indicating its excellent sulfur and water durability and stability in the presence of SO2 and H2O. The interaction between MnOx and FeOx enhanced sulfur and water durability rather than other bi-metal interactions. Furthermore, the mechanism of Fe improving resistance to SO2 and H2O was discussed.

Nucleosome Assembly and Disassembly in vitro Are Governed by Chemical Kinetic Principles.

As the elementary unit of eukaryotic chromatin, nucleosomes in vivo are highly dynamic in many biological processes, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, or transcription, to allow the necessary factors to gain access to their substrate. The dynamic mechanism of nucleosome assembly and disassembly has not been well described thus far. We proposed a chemical kinetic model of nucleosome assembly and disassembly in vitro. In the model, the efficiency of nucleosome assembly was positively correlated with the total concentration of histone octamer, reaction rate constant and reaction time. All the corollaries of the model were well verified for the Widom 601 sequence and the six artificially synthesized DNA sequences, named CS1-CS6, by using the salt dialysis method in vitro. The reaction rate constant in the model may be used as a new parameter to evaluate the nucleosome reconstitution ability with DNAs. Nucleosome disassembly experiments for the Widom 601 sequence detected by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence thermal shift (FTS) assays demonstrated that nucleosome disassembly is the inverse process of assembly and can be described as three distinct stages: opening phase of the (H2A-H2B) dimer/(H3-H4)2 tetramer interface, release phase of the H2A-H2B dimers from (H3-H4)2 tetramer/DNA and removal phase of the (H3-H4)2 tetramer from DNA. Our kinetic model of nucleosome assembly and disassembly allows to confirm that nucleosome assembly and disassembly in vitro are governed by chemical kinetic principles.

Metabolic and transcriptomic analyses reveal different metabolite biosynthesis profiles between leaf buds and mature leaves in Ziziphus jujuba mill.

Jujube leaf is well known for its high nutritional value and medicinal benefits. However, a thorough and dynamic assessment of the metabolites present in jujube leaves is lacking. Here, the primary and secondary metabolites from purple leaf buds and green mature leaves were investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 778 metabolites were characterized and more than 700 compounds were reported for the first time. Analysis of differentially accumulated metabolites showed that the flavonoids were the major differential metabolites and determined the leaf coloration. The transcriptome data indicated that 20 flavonoid structural genes and three main types of flavonoid regulatory genes were significantly differentially expressed. Moreover, light had a significant influence on flavonoid accumulation. These results improve our understanding of metabolite accumulation and the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis in jujube leaf.

Genomic analyses of diverse wild and cultivated accessions provide insights into the evolutionary history of jujube.

The Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a member of the Rhamnaceae family, is an important perennial fruit tree crop of substantial economic, ecological and nutritional value, and is also used as a traditional herbal medicine. Here, we report the resequencing of 493 jujube accessions, including 202 wild and 291 cultivated accessions at >16× depth. Our population genomic analyses revealed that the Shanxi-Shaanxi area of China was jujube's primary domestication centre and that jujube was then disseminated into East China before finally extending into South China. Divergence events analysis indicated that Ziziphus acidojujuba and Ziziphus jujuba diverged around 2.7 Mya, suggesting the interesting possibility that a long pre-domestication period may have occurred prior to human intervention. Using the large genetic polymorphism data set, we identified a 15-bp tandem insertion in the promoter of the jujube ortholog of the POLLEN DEFECTIVE IN GUIDANCE 1 (POD1) gene, which was strongly associated with seed-setting rate. Integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS), transcriptome data, expression analysis and transgenic validation in tomato, we identified a DA3/UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE 14 (UBP14) ortholog, which negatively regulate fruit weight in jujube. We also identified candidate genes, which have likely influenced the selection of fruit sweetness and crispness texture traits among fresh and dry jujubes. Our study not only illuminates the genetic basis of jujube evolution and domestication and provides a deep and rich genomic resource to facilitate both crop improvement and hypothesis-driven basic research, but also identifies multiple agriculturally important genes for this unique perennial tree fruit species.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Magnolol and Honokiol Derivatives with 1,3,5-Triazine of Metformin Cyclization.

Herein, we sought to evaluate the contribution of the 1,3,5-triazine ring through the metformin cyclization unit to the biological activity of magnolol and honokiol-conjugates. One of the phenolic OH groups of magnolol or honokiol was replaced by a 1,3,5-triazine ring to further explore their synthesis and medicinal versatility. In this study, a robust procedure of three steps was adopted for the synthesis of magnolol and honokiol derivatives by alkylation of potassium carbonate with a 1,3,5-triazine ring. To our knowledge, this is the first report to connect one of the phenolic OH positions of magnolol or honokiol to a 1,3,5-triazine ring cyclized by metformin. The structural characterization of three new compounds was carried out via spectroscopic techniques, i.e., 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and HRMS. Surprisingly, these compounds showed no cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages but significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells), HepG2 (human hepatoma cells), A549 (human lung carcinoma cells), and BxPC-3 (human pancreatic carcinoma cells) tumor cell lines. Furthermore, the compounds also significantly inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse cells (RAW 264.7). Among them, compound 2 demonstrated promising broad-spectrum antiproliferative potential with half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 5.57 to 8.74 µM and it significantly decreased caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression in HepG2 cells. These interesting findings show that derivatization of magnolol and honokiol with 1,3,5-triazine affects and modulates their biological properties.

Rapid identification model based on decision tree algorithm coupling with 1H NMR and feature analysis by UHPLC-QTOFMS spectrometry for sandalwood.

Sandalwood is one of the most valuable woods in the world. However, today's counterfeits are widespread, it is difficult to distinguish authenticity. In this paper, similar genus (Dalbergia and Pterocarpus) and confused species (Gluta sp.) of sandalwood were quickly and efficiently identified. Rapid identification model based on 1H NMR and decision tree (DT) algorithm was firstly developed for the identification of sandalwood, and the accuracy was improved by introducing the AdaBoost algorithm. The accuracy of the final model was above 95%. And the feature components between different species of sandalwood were further explored using UHPLC-QTOFMS and NMR spectrometry. The results showed that 183 compounds were identified, among which 99 were known components, 84 were unknown components. The 1H NMR and 13C NMR signals of 505 samples were assigned, among them, 14 compounds were attributed, characteristic chemical shift intervals with great differences in the model were analysed. Furthermore, the fragmentation pattern of different compounds from sandalwood, in both positive and negative ion ESI modes, was summarized. The results showed a potential and rapid tool based on DT, NMR spectroscopy and UHPLC-QTOFMS, which had performed great potential for rapid identification and feature analysis of sandalwood.

OsProDH Negatively Regulates Thermotolerance in Rice by Modulating Proline Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging.

BACKGROUND: Global warming threatens rice growth and reduces yields. Proline plays important roles in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Previous research demonstrated that engineering proline metabolism-related genes can enhance tolerance to freezing and salinity in Arabidopsis. OsProDH encodes a putative proline dehydrogenase and is a single copy gene in rice. However, whether OsProDH plays roles in abiotic stress in rice remains unknown. FINDINGS: Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that OsProDH transcript contents were relatively higher in leaf blade and root tissues and the high temperature treatment repressed expression of OsProDH. The predicted OsProDH protein localized in mitochondria. Using the Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivar KY131, we generated OsProDH overexpression (OE) lines and knockout mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 (CRI) system. Overexpression of OsProDH decreased proline content, while mutation of OsProDH increased proline content compared with that of KY131. The CRI and OE lines were respectively more resistant and sensitive to heat stress than KY131. Heat stress induced proline accumulation and mutation of OsProDH led to proline overproduction which reduced H2O2 accumulation in the seedlings. CONCLUSIONS: OsProDH negatively regulates thermotolerance in rice. Our study provides a strategy to improve heat tolerance in rice via manipulating proline metabolism.

Comparative population genomics dissects the genetic basis of seven domestication traits in jujube.

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is an important perennial fruit tree with a range of interesting horticultural traits. It was domesticated from wild jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba), but the genomic variation dynamics and genetic changes underlying its horticultural traits during domestication are poorly understood. Here, we report a comprehensive genome variation map based on the resequencing of 350 accessions, including wild, semi-wild and cultivated jujube plants, at a >15× depth. Using the combination of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and selective sweep analysis, we identified several candidate genes potentially involved in regulating seven domestication traits in jujube. For fruit shape and kernel shape, we integrated the GWAS approach with transcriptome profiling data, expression analysis and the transgenic validation of a candidate gene to identify a causal gene, ZjFS3, which encodes an ethylene-responsive transcription factor. Similarly, we identified a candidate gene for bearing-shoot length and the number of leaves per bearing shoot and two candidate genes for the seed-setting rate using GWAS. In the selective sweep analysis, we also discovered several putative genes for the presence of prickles on bearing shoots and the postharvest shelf life of fleshy fruits. This study outlines the genetic basis of jujube domestication and evolution and provides a rich genomic resource for mining other horticulturally important genes in jujube.

A simple, rapid and efficient method for essential element supplementation based on seed germination.

Fertilizer application is typically used to increase the availability of essential elements. In this study, an improved method for essential element supplementation based on seed germination was established. Solutions of essential elements (Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, SeO32+, or I- or their combination) were applied to germinating soybean seeds, and the contents of the essential elements in the soybean sprouts were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Compared with the control (seeds treated with water), the contents of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, and iodine in soybean sprouts produced by germinating seeds treated with solutions containing 10 mM essential elements were approximately 10-2000 times higher. Moreover, treatment with essential element solution increased the total antioxidant capacity and content of total thiols in the soybean sprouts. This rapid and simple technique can be used to improve nutrition for humans and livestock in regions deficient in essential elements.

Utilization of pretreated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash for cement-stabilized soil.

In this study, the feasibility of using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) as additive for the strengthening of pretreated cement-stabilized soil was evaluated. Results indicated that the leaching concentrations of chromium and lead in MSWIFA after the water washing process and addition of 4% ferrous sulphate were reduced by 67% and 89%, respectively, which was lower than the limit value of Identification standard for hazardous waste (GB 5085.3-2007). After pretreatment, MSWIFA samples with ratios of 5% and 10% were blended into cement-stabilized soil with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) content of 10%, 15% and 20%. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS), internal friction angle and cohesion of the cement-stabilized soil increased with OPC and pretreated MSWIFA (PFA) content. The same effect was observed on UCS after the addition of 10% PFA as replacement of 5% OPC. In the subsequent X-ray powder diffraction test, scanning electron microscopy and leaching tests, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals in cement-stabilized soil became far lower than the limit value under the synergistic effects of the physical encapsulation of hydration products and stabilization of chemical agents. The incorporation of PFA as a supplementary material can effectively accelerate the formation of hydration products and can thus provide cleaner options for foundation reinforcement.

A novel metformin derivative showed improvement of lipid metabolism in obese rats with type 2 diabetes.

In this study, we investigated the lipid metabolism regulatory activity of a novel metformin derivative (MD568) and its potential mechanism of action in obese rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM). Previous gene chip analysis of 3T3-L1 cells have shown that MD568 regulates the transcription of genes involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. In this study, obese T2 DM rats were treated with MD568 (200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Results showed that MD568 significantly reduced the body weight gain, plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. MD568 treatment also improved the insulin resistance of obese T2 DM model rats. In particular, in white adipose tissue, MD568 inhibited the excessive volume increment of adipose cells by down-regulating the protein levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and PPAR-γ, as well as the transcription of their target lipid metabolism-related genes. In the liver, MD568 inhibited hepatic fatty lesions and interfered with hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and glycogen-related kinases. In conclusion, our results suggest that the newly synthesized MD568 affects the maintenance of lipid homeostasis in obese type 2 diabetic rats.

Lipidomics Analysis of Timosaponin BII in INS-1 Cells Induced by Glycolipid Toxicity and Its Relationship with Inflammation.

Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge is a traditional Chinese medicine. The timosaponin BII is one of the most abundant and widely studied active ingredients in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. Related studies have shown that timosaponin BII has potential value for development and further utilization. The protective effect of timosaponin BII on islet ß cells under type 2 diabetes was investigated in the glycolipid toxic INS-1 cell model and possible biomarkers were explored by lipidomics analysis. Timosaponin BII was isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge by polyamide resin and Sephadex LH-20. Then, the glycolipid toxicity INS-1 cell model was established to investigate the protective effect of timosaponin BII. The results showed that timosaponin BII could significantly influence the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), thereby restoring the insulin secretion ability and cell viability of model cells. Lipidomics analysis was combined with multivariate statistical analysis for marker selection. The four most common pathological and pharmacological lipid markers were phosphatidylserine (PS), suggesting that timosaponin BII had protective effects on model cells related to the reduction oxidative stress and macrophage inflammation. RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated by LPS to establish a model of inflammation and study the effect of timosaponin BII on the nodes of NOD-like receptor P3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway in the model cells. In conclusion, timosaponin BII may have the effect of protecting INS-1 pancreatic ß cells through reducing IL-1ß (interleukin-1ß) production by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage and restoring the insulin secretion ability and cell viability by reducing oxidative stress.